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GEOGRAPHY

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Bio - Flora

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Rarest Species

This list features the rarest plants on Planet Earth.

RANK

PLANT

POPULATION

DESCRIPTION

1

Middleton's Sedge (Carex middletonii)

Less than 100

This sedge is critically endangered and is only found in a few locations in Florida, USA, primarily in wetland habitats.

2

Rothrock's Penstemon (Penstemon rothrockii)

Less than 100

This plant is endemic to the high mountains of New Mexico and is threatened due to habitat destruction and climate change.

3

Snowdonia Hawkweed (Hieracium snowdoniense)

Less than 1,000

Endemic to Wales, this plant is threatened by climate change and invasive species.

4

Blue Vanda (Vanda coerulea)

Less than 1,000

This rare orchid is native to Southeast Asia and is threatened due to habitat loss and over-collection.

5

Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis)

About 100 in the wild

Once thought extinct, this ancient tree was rediscovered in Australia, with a small number of wild individuals remaining.

6

Himalayan Blue Poppy (Meconopsis betonicifolia)

1,000-2,000

This stunning flower is native to the Himalayas and is threatened by overharvesting and habitat destruction.

7

Ghost Orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii)

2,000-3,000

Known for its beautiful and elusive flowers, this orchid is native to Florida and Cuba, and is threatened by habitat loss.

8

Tasmanian Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus)

Less than 2,500

While widely cultivated, the native population in Tasmania is at risk due to habitat destruction and climate change.

9

Western Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera praeclara)

5,000-10,000

Found in prairies across the Midwest of the USA, this orchid is endangered due to habitat loss from agriculture.

10

Franklinia alatamaha (Franklinia)

Extinct in the wild (only cultivated)

This tree is extinct in the wild, with only cultivated specimens remaining, originally found along the Altamaha River in Georgia, USA.


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References

Brummit, N.A. & Lughadha, E.N., 2003. Plant conservation: A global perspective. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp.35–60. Available at: https://www.kew.org/publications/plant-conservation [Accessed 1 December 2025]. Campbell, D.R., 2005. Rare plants and their conservation. In: Conservation biology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp.205–220. Available at: https://www.blackwellpublishing.com/conservation/rare-plants [Accessed 1 December 2025]. Channell, R. & Lomolino, M.V., 2000. Dynamic biogeography and conservation of endangered species. Nature, 403, pp.841–845. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/35002563 [Accessed 1 December 2025]. Fiedler, P.L. & Ackerly, D.D., 2011. Plant endangerment: Nature and conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.118–139. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/plant-endangerment [Accessed 1 December 2025]. Joppa, L.N. et al., 2011. The role of plant extinction in ecosystem health. PLOS ONE, 6(4), e18690, pp.1–10. Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018690 [Accessed 1 December 2025].
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